Jordan:
Surrounded by rugged mountains that subtly change color as the day unfolds, Aqaba is Jordan's only port city. Its' abundant marine life and pleasant climate (with moderate temperatures in winter and fresh cooling sea breezes in summer) make it an ideal location for year round scuba diving, snorkeling and other water sports. The Red Sea's unique marine ecosystem includes more than 140 species of coral and countless varieties of brightly colored fish, some of which are unique to the region.
Aqaba's Royal Diving Center and several other qualified diving operators offer complete diving services including PADI and BSAC courses; equipment rental and fully supervised dives to some of the finest dive sites in the world.
For the history enthusiast, there are sites reflecting human habitation for at least 5500 years resulting from Aqaba's strategic location at the junction of land and sea routes from Asia, Africa, and Europe. Of special interest among the ancient and medieval archaeological sites are the newly discovered site of what is thought to be the oldest church in the world, the early Islamic city called Ayla, a Mamluke fort and a very fine museum at the house of Sharif Hussein bin Ali, the great grand-father of King Abdullah the Second.
Highlands
Mount Nebo
Just another six kilometers further down the Kings' Highway, one can find the presumed site of the Moses death and burial site.
A magnificent panorama of Palestine is before you and the springs are located on the place where Moses is said to have struck the rock to bring forth water.
A small, square church later expanded into basilica church and, a large cluster of monastic buildings are the result of sixty years of excavations.
Amman
Formerly the Amman capital of Rabbath Ammon and later The Greek-Roman city of Philadelphia, Amman has been the capital since 1921. By then, just a small city of not much importance, Amman houses nowadays approximately one third of the population and the seven hills on which it was originally built still form its natural focal points. Amman is a vibrant city of many faces and the traditional society and modern sophistication go hand in hand. One has to visit the citadel, the old Souks, the Roman theatre in the heart of the city, and the Abu Darwish mosque. Lovers of Islamic art can not leave Amman before visiting the Jordan National Gallery where numerous pieces of Islamic art are exhibited. Hotels and restaurants can be found in all categories from the most luxurious to the simplest.
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Madaba
Definitely the most interesting and picturesque way to travel to the south of Jordan is via the Kings' Highway. 32 kilometers south from Amman is the mosaic-filled city of Madaba. Its chief attraction is a wonderfully vivid Byzantine mosaic map of Palestine, showing Jerusalem and other holy sites, decorating the floor of the contemporary Greek Orthodox Church of St. George.
Made with two million pieces of colored stones, this mosaic is definitely a masterpiece, but one should not forget that- countless mosaics from the 5th till the 7th centuries- are scattered throughout the churches and houses of Madaba.
It is also worth visiting the Madaba Museum situated in a traditional residential quarter. The museum exhibits the early history of Madaba including Bronze Ages, Roman/Byzantine periods including some of well known mosaic floors.
Zarqa (Ma'in)
The sight of hot water cascading down the mountain sides is quite unique in Zarqa-Ma'in, which is 14 Km southwest of Madaba down a steep road.
The therapeutic waters were the favorite unwinding place for Herod the great; where the water is born from basaltic rock four Km up Zarqa Ma'in Wadi, and then mixes with the water of adjoining cold springs that flows down a gorge of sandstone, then pours down into the Dead Sea.
A modern resort is available which has a spa that is considered to be one of the best in the Middle East. The temperature ranges from 55 C to 60 C.
Karak & Shobak
Back on the Kings' Highway and a little bit further down to the south, you find Karak; the first out of the two most important Crusaders castles in Jordan.
The second one is in Shobak. On a plateau, this strategically located castle was built to protect the approach of Jerusalem. In 1189, Saladin finally succeeded in defeating the Crusaders and incorporated it in the Arab world.
The remains of the medieval town surrounded by high walls and the castle will give you a good idea about its strategic and historical importance.
Petra
At the end of the Kings' Highway, a big archaeological prodigy is awaiting you to explore. Petra, or "Rose Red City", is the famous attraction in Jordan. It is an attraction that one cannot leave the country without visiting. Literally carved out of craggy rocks and hidden behind massive rocks, Petra was only rediscovered in 1812 by the Swiss explorer, Burkhart. Petra is the legacy of the pre-Islamic Arabs known as the Nabateans. In south Jordan, Petra was their capital but their kingdom extended from north of Damascus to northwest Arabia, south Palestine and the Sinai Peninsula. From this hidden post, they dominated the trade routes of ancient Arabia, levying tolls and sheltering caravans. Petra was widely respected for its refined culture, massive rock and stone architecture, and water-channel system. Much of Petra's appeal comes from its spectacular setting deep inside a narrow desert gorge or siq that one can pass on foot. The close observer will even discover inscriptions carved into the stone. You will be astonished standing suddenly in front of the Treasury at the end of the siq and this is just the beginning. The hundreds of buildings, temples, baths and facades constructed by the Nabateans and the Romans can keep you for days in Petra.
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Beida & Basta and Jabal Harun
Jabal al Beida is one of the oldest sites in the Middle East that has evidence of the habitation by pre-Pottery Neolithic humans. Excavations indicated that these early inhabitants were herders beginning to experiment the semi-settled life style of agricultural existence. On top is Jabal Harun, the highest summit in the region where you see a white-domed mosque, which was built in 14th century AD. It is believed to be the tomb of Prophet Aaron the brother of Prophet Moses.
Wadi Rum
Famously described by T. E. Lawrence as, "vast, echoing and God-like," and acclaimed by many as one of the most stunning desert steppe in the world, Wadi Rum is a nature-lover's Elysium.Serious mountaineers relish its challenging climbs (some 1,750 meters up sheer granite and sandstone cliffs) while casual hikers enjoy the peace and tranquility of its sweeping vistas, towering rock faces, and boundless empty spaces.
Those of calm disposition will probably prefer a camel ride or a night under the stars in a Bedouin tent.Nature lovers will be drawn to the desert in spring time, when rains bring the greening of the hills and something in the region of 2,000 species of wild flower.Options for exploring Wadi Rum include 4x4 vehicles and camel caravans. However, the best way to experience Rum's grandeur is by hiking on foot and camping.Camel trips from the Wadi, to either Aqaba (several days) or Petra (about a week), may also be arranged.
Desert Castles
Along the ancient route of King's Highway, two of the greatest Crusaders castles are Qal'at al Karak (east of the Dead Sea) and Qal'at Ash-Shawbak (south of the Dead Sea) were built to protect the eastern flank of Latin kingdom and its trade routes to the Dead Sea. Both Castles fell to Salaheddin in 1188 and 1189 respectively.
Qal'at Ajlun (ar-Rabad) is 24 Km west of Jerash and overlooks the Jordan Valley. It was built by Ayyubid to encounter the Crusader advances in east of Jordan and to protect communications between Cairo and Damascus. The hulking remains of these once powerful citadels await the eager explorer with their mighty military exteriors, their dark inner passageways, and their mute testimony on the struggles for power.
Towards the east, one comes upon the Umayyad Desert Castles that were built in the 7th and 8th centuries AD. As retreats from pressures of city life, where they used to hunt and race with their Arabian horses, most important castles are Qasr al-Harrana (Kharana) which is a fortress-like castle with heavy stone walls and Qusair Amra (UNESCO world heritage site) that has been noted for its frescos, a palace of pleasure with triple roofed halls, siesta rooms and steam baths. Qal'at Azraq has much older military associations; including a Roman fortress built of black basalt slabs. Among Desert Castles are Qasr at-Tuba, the largest of Umayyad Palaces, Qasr al-Mushatta, Qasr al-Hallabat, and Hammam as-Sarh. Each castle is a unique and splendid remnant of Medieval Arab architecture.
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Umm el Jimal
A somber ruin built from indigenous black basalt of Nabatean origin, Umm el Jimal continued to be important in Roman Byzantine and Umayyad periods. The city is located northeast of Amman. Some insist that the city was named Umm el Jimal because it means "the mother of beauty," also in Arabic others said that it meant the "mother of camels." Important caravans passed through and the open spaces within the town were probably intended to accommodate these caravans. The city is 800 m long and 500 m wide.
At the beginning of the first century BC, Nabateans extended their kingdom from Petra in the south and Damascus in the north making Umm el Jimal within the kingdom. In the 2nd century AD, Romans took the city with the rest of the country. At the time, it may have been called Thantia. More than 14 churches are found in the city.
Water was collected during rain in cisterns. The architectural style of corbelling could be seen in various buildings. Unfortunately, Umm el Jimal got destroyed during by an earthquake at the end of Umayyad period.
Umm Qais
In the far north of the country, overseeing the lake of Tiberius and the Golan Heights, one finds the remains of the biblical city called Gadara. Umm Qais was also a member of the Decapolis and was favored by the Romans for its warm springs and cultural activities.Nowadays, one can find the remains of an old basilica, three theaters, an aqueduct, and of course a colonnaded street still though the center of the city from east to west. Archaeologists will need a long time to excavate this once important city. The modern village of Umm Qais does not provide visitors with some facilities including a restaurant and a site museum located in a traditional Ottoman village; a picnic is therefore highly recommended in this breathtaking environment.
Pella
The Greek-Roman City of "Pella" (so named for the birthplace of Alexander the Great) is located at the eastern foothills about 89 Kilometers Northwest of Amman. It is exceptionally rich in antiquities and archaeologists predict that once the site will be fully excavated, it will be at least as big as Jerash.
Nowadays, one can find in this pastoral area the remnants of a Chalcolithic, Early Bronze and Middle/Late Bronze settlement from the 4th - 2nd millennium BC, a theatre, Byzantine churches, and houses.
In fact most major periods of human life are represented at Pella and its surroundings.The scenery of this fertile part of Jordan is usually very beautiful, especially during the spring when the Jordan valley and the surrounding area are covered with flowers.
Jerash
Less than a one hour's drive from Amman is the city of Jerash. Even though there has always been human activity, Jerash's Golden Age arrived with Roman rule. Jerash was a member of the Decapolis and played an important role in this commercial league.When Emperor Hadrian visited the city in 129 AD, a huge building program was launched. Thanks to skilled engineers who built this city, the 600 meters long "Street of Columns" is as magnificent as ever. Jerash is one of the best preserved Roman cities in the world in Jerash. You could also enjoy the Forum, the baths, the Hippodrome, and the Nymphaeum, which is a complex of fountains and sculptures. It is easy to imagine the wealth of this city and its people when you are walking in Jerash. Every summer, the dramatic surroundings of the Jerash ruins host the Jerash Festival, featuring folklore dances, concerts, plays, poetry competitions and other international and regional activities.
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Dead Sea
Within the folds of the Jordan Valley lies the Dead Sea, more than 400 m below sea level and is the lowest point on earth. Rich in minerals that have seeped from adjacent Wadis, the Dead Sea, as well as having exceptionally buoyant water, is believed by many to have curative powers.
The nearby waters of Hammamat Ma'in, where a thermal spa has been built, are thought to be similarly imbued.
The Dead Sea itself is flanked by mountains to the east and rolling hills of Jerusalem to the west, giving it an almost other-worldly beauty.
Although sparsely populated and serenely quiet now, the area believed to have been home to Prophet Lot in Islam and five Biblical cities: Sodom, Gomorrah, Adman, Zebouin and Zoar.
Islamic Sites in Jordan
Bilal bin Rabah
No other story describes more vehemently, the story of sacrifice and love for the sake of belief in God as Bilal's.
A dark colored man, who at his time was taken as a slave in a pagan community, believed that the world was ruled by many Gods.
Unhappy with injustice and fanaticism on race and color, he heard of a new faith called Islam that taught justice, love to one's neighbor as the love to your own family, and that there is no difference between a dark man or a white man but in good deeds.
It also taught that a rich man is not better than a poor man but in good deeds, and after all, there was no such thing called slavery, for a man is born free willed and is a slave only to God.
It was a faith that brought rights to women and children that was absent.
He also heard that God created mankind and nature in diversity to reveal His grandeur in creation.Bilal could not but embrace this new faith that believed in the Old and New Testaments of Moses and Jesus, as well as a faith that dignified the Virgin Mary, and so he embraced Islam (literal translation is to succumb to the will of God).
When his master discovered his new faith, he, like many masters, tortured him. Bilal underwent indescribable torment when a rock was placed on his chest in order to renounce his new faith but the pain made him insist that God is one, that there is no other creator but God.
In that era, many people were tortured. A few of the martyrs who died denouncing pain for the sake of God were the first she-martyr Summaya, whose guts were torn as they inserted logs in her body and while she died she said "there is no God but one, the sole creator." Also, the family of Ammar bin Yasser was killed in front of Ammar's eyes, hoping to have him renounce the faith, when he declined.
Upon orders from prophet Mohamed, peace be upon Him, Abu Bakr Al Siddiq bought Bilal from his master in order to free him, and due to Bilal's beautiful voice, the Prophet (PBUH) appointed him as the official Mu'athin. The Mu'athin is the person who calls for the five daily prayers.
The Prophet (PBUH) said: "Paradise longs for three: Ali, Ammar, and Bilal." After the death of the prophet (PBUH), Bilal refused to call to prayer (Athan) with an exception; on the conquest of Jerusalem. It has been said that all of the old proficient believers, including the Caliph Omar, broke down into tears at hearing once again the voice that was strongly associated with the Prophet (PBUH). His Shrine is in Wadi Seer in Amman.
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Ja'far bin Abi Talib
Ja'far, the Prophet Mohamed's (PBUH) first cousin, was of the first people embracing Islam. Tradition relates that Ja'far resembled mostly the Prophet in looks and in character. He was one of the companions who first emigrated from Mecca to Abyssinia. He came back at the conquest of Khaybar. When the Prophet saw him upon his return, he acknowledged him happily and said, "I do not know for which to be happier, Jafar's return or the conquest of Khaybar." The prophet (PBUH) charged him as the deputy commander of an army to attack Mu'tah in the region of Karak. Unfortunately, he died during the battle.
Before being killed, Jafar's right and left arms - in which he held the standard of Islam - were severed in combat. The prophet (PBUH) had a vision of Ja'far in the highest paradise but with wings instead of arms.
His tomb is at Mazar, near Karak.
Zeid Ibn Al – Harithah
He was the first companion to embrace Islam, after Ali bin Abi Talib. Zeid was taken captive as a child from his mother and sold as a slave. The prophet (PBUH) bought him in Mecca and gave him his freedom. Then the Prophet adopted him, announcing, "Zeid is my son. I inherit him and he inherits me." Zeid was the Prophet's chief military commander and whenever he sent Zeid with an army, he put him in charge. He was the commander-in-chief of the Muslim forces at Battle of Mu'tah, where he died and became a martyr at the age of fifty-five. The Prophet lamented his death to his companions with tears in his eyes but saw him in the Highest Paradise, in the same vision that he saw Ja'far.
His tomb is at Mazar, near Karak.
Abdullah bin Rawahah
He was originally a Christian from Medin who participated in the Pact at Aqaba. He was appointed by the Prophet to collect palms from the fruits of trees. Abdullah was known for his patience, his love for Jihad (Holy struggle in one's wealth, family and self for the sake of God), his obedience, and his piety.
According to Al-Darda'a, "If we were traveling with the Prophet on a hot day, no one in the group would be fasting except for the Prophet and Abdullah bin Rawahah." It is said that when the Muslim army moved on to Mu'tah going through Ma'an, they were told that the Byzantines had prepared a huge army to fight them.
Zeid then consulted his companions and they advised him to withdraw. But Ibn Rawahah kept silent and when he was consulted, he said, "We did not march here to loot but to fight, and we don't fight them because of superior numbers or better equipment. My opinion is to go ahead and fight them." He had been appointed as the third-commander-in charge of the army, and was killed during the battle of Mu'tah.
His Tomb is at Mazar, near Karak.
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Abu Ubaydah Amer bin Al-Jarrah
He was a great companion to the Prophet Mohamed (PBUH) and among the first to embrace Islam. He was one of the immigrants to Abyssinia as well as one of the compilers of the Holy Qur'an. He was also one of the "Blessed Ten" companions whom the Prophet (PBUH), confirmed will go to Heaven. Abu Ubaydah was personally named by the Prophet as the Guardian or the "Trusted One" (Ameen) of the Nation of Islam. He was said to be a tall, thin man and had a broken front tooth that all Muslims envied, because it was broken during the battle of Uhud. It broke while he pulled a link of chain out of the Prophet's cheek, and because as it broke, his blood got mixed with the Prophet's blood. He was one of those who died from the great plague in the 18th after Emigration (Hijrah), near Fahl, at the age of 58.
His Tomb is at Ghor in the Jordan Valley.
Mu'ath bin Jabal
He was present at the Pact of Aqaba at an early age, and embraced Islam at the age of eighteen. He was one of the four Ansar who compiled the Qur'an during the time of the Prophet (PBUH). The Prophet (PBUH) described him as the, "most informed in the rules of Permission and Forbidden Laws of Islam, and that he will be at the forefront of all the scholars on the Day of Judgment." He was the Head of a group of companions, a ruler of the people of Yemen, and their religious teacher as well. He died in Jordan during the 18th Emigration after the Hijrah, at the age of thirty-eight.
His tomb is at Ghor, in the Jordan Valley.
Shurhabil bin Husnah
He converted to Islam in Mecca before Hijrah and left Abyssinia with his family and then returned to Medina. He was sent by Abu Bakr on the conquest of Al-sham and appointed by Caliph 'Omar to govern three quarters of (Bilad Al-sham). It is said that he was infected by the great plague on the same day as Abu 'Ubaydah and died at the age of 67 in the 18th year after Hijrah (emigration).
His Tomb is at Ghor, in the Jordan Valley.
Amer bin Abi Waqqas
He was the maternal cousin of prophet Mohamed (PBUH) and the brother of the famous General Sa'ad bin Abi Waqqas. Their mother, Amneh, got furious at hearing that her son embraced Islam and swore to stay out in the sun until Amer renounced his new faith. But Amer insisted on fighting for his beliefs. According to some sources, "Amer was the eleventh man to convert to Islam." He too died during the great plague 18th year after Hijrah (emigration).
His Tomb is at Ghor, in the Jordan Valley.
Dirar bin Al-Azwar
He was one of the early companions of prophet Mohamed (PBUH). He is always remembered as a wild and fierce warrior who used to fight for justice, never feared anyone but God, and his name was enough to strike terror in the hearts of the enemies of God.
He too died during the great plague in the 18th year after the Hijrah (emigration).
His tomb is at Ghor, in the Jordan Valley.
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Al-Harith bin Umayr Al-Azadi
He was one of prophet Mohamed's (PBUH) companions. Prophet Mohammad (PBUH) entrusted him with a message to be delivered to the king of Basra. When Al-Harith arrived in Tafilah, he was captured and killed by the Ruler of the district of Mu'tah, making him the only messenger of prophet Mohammad (PBUH) to be killed carrying out his mission.
His Tomb is near Tafilah.
Abu Dharr Al-Ghifari
Abu Dharr was among the first companions of prophet Mohamed (PBUH) to embrace Islam. He announced his Islam loudly and publicly and as a result he got beaten twice. He was tall, dark, and thin and was known for his sternness and honesty. The Prophet (PBUH) said of him, "Never did the earth nor do the skies shade a man more honest than Abu Dharr al-Ghifari."
He died in the 31st year after Hijrah (emigration).
His Tomb is near Madaba.
Abu Al-Darda'a
Abu Al-Darda'a embraced Islam at the battle of Badr. He participated in the Battle of Uhud where he fought bravely.
He was also a good companion to the prophet (PBUH). Before receiving Islam, he was a rich famous trader, but after converting to Islam, he decided that he could not combine both his profession and worshipping God, so he chose the latter. He died in the 32nd after Hijrah (emigration).
His tomb is near Irbid.
Maysarah Bin Al Abassi
He was one of the nine members of the delegation of Bani Abs who met with the Prophet (PBUH).
He witnessed the farewell Pilgrimage of Prophet Mohammad (PBUH), where he told the prophet, "Praise is to God who saved me, through you, from hell." He and his tribe stood firm in support of Abu Bakr Al - Siddiq during the time of the Wars of Apostasy, and he took part in the Battle of Yamamah and the conquest of Syria with his companion Khalid bin Al Walid. In the 20th year after the Hijrah, he was charged with the command of an army of 4000 men, who successfully attacked the Byzantines. He was the first Muslim army leader to enter Byzantine.
His Tomb is in Salt.
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Akruma Bin Abi Jahl
The story of Akruma is so interesting because he was a fierce enemy of Islam and the Prophet (PBUH), alongside his father. He eventually converted to Islam and became one of the companions of the prophet (PBUH). When he embraced Islam, he took a vow that he will struggle twice as hard for the sake of the religion as had against it, and so he succeeded. He was killed during the Syrian Campaign and was a martyr.
His Tomb is near Ajlun.
Abu Musa Al-Ash'ari
Abu Musa embraced Islam before Hijrah (emigration) and went to Abyssinia with Ja'far bin Abi Talib and returned to Medina with him at the time of conquest at Khaybar. He was later sent as the Muslim Governor and religious teacher over a part of Yemen. Abu Musa had a beautiful voice praised by Prophet Mohammad (PBUH).
His Shrine is at Udruh, near Ma'an.
Farwa Bin Amro Al - Jadhami
He was originally the Ruler of the Arab City of Ma'an and South of Jordan. After the fall of Mecca, Farwa sent to the Prophet (PBUH) a messenger to inform him of his embracing Islam with a white mule as a gift. The Byzantines discovered this and crucified him near Tafilah.
Although Farwa entered Islam during the Prophet's own life time, he is still considered to be his greatest followers and a martyr though he was not one of His companions.
His Tomb is near Tafilah / Hammamat Afra.
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Abd-Al-Rahman bin Auf
Being a merchant by profession, he was one of the first men to embrace Islam. He emigrated at roughly the same time, but not together, with the Prophet (PBUH). Bin Auf took part in all major battles and personally led The Muslim expedition to Dama't Al-Jandal. The Prophet (PBUH) made him a signatory on behalf of the Muslim side to the Treaty of Hudaybiah, and after the death of the Prophet (PBUH), he was one of the Muslim signatories and was also one of the blessed Ten Companions whom the Prophet (PBUH) promised to go to heaven.
It was related that at one occasion during the expedition of Tabuk, the Prophet (PBUH) was late for some reason, so the Muslims chose Abd-Al-Rahman to lead the prayer. Upon arrival, the prophet (PBUH) asked Bin Auf to continue and with respect, prayed behind him.
His shrine is in Jbeha/near Amman.
Jaber bin Abdullah
Jaber was one of the early companions of Prophet Mohamed (PBUH) and one of his dearest friends. Jaber was a poor man with seven sisters to take care of. He took part in many battles and was beside the Prophet (PBUH) during the conquest of Mecca. Jaber witnessed many miracles by the Prophet (PBUH). On one occasion, when the Muslims were on campaign, the Prophet (PBUH) noticed that Jaber was far behind because of his weak old camel. The Prophet (PBUH) tapped the camel with his stick, which then got up and preceded the other camels.
His Shrine is in Tafilah.
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Christian Sites
The King's Highway Through Amman Moab and Edom
The King's Highway is the world's oldest yet frequently used communication route. It was first mentioned in the bible (Genesis).
Prophet Moses requested the King of Edom to travel along the King's Highway and not to turn to the right nor to the left until they passed through his territory.
His request was refused, but visitors today could enjoy the journey along the scenic road, from Amman to Moab to Edom.
The first major site on the King's Highway south of Amman is Heshbon.
It was a fortified place during the Roman-Byzantine Period and named Esbus.
The location was an important early Christian station for the pilgrims' route from Jerusalem to the Jordan River, and Mount Nebo. The city of Madaba retains the memories and monuments of two different periods in Biblical history. Madaba Town (of today) is repeatedly mentioned in the Old Testament. In Prophet David's War against Israel (2 Kings 3), the whole city of Madaba is mentioned, whose rich farmlands were coveted and repeatedly contested by Moab, Israel, Amman and other local Kingdoms.In Christian heritage, Mount Nebo, which is ten minutes by car and west of Madaba, is thought to be the final station in the life of Prophet Moses.
However, the location of his tomb remains. A small church was built in the 4th Century AD to commemorate this sacred spot, and "was buried in Moab, in the valley opposite Beth-Peor." (Deuteronomy), Beth-Peor is today's Umm Er-Rasas, South-East of Madaba. Excavations here uncovered some of the finest Byzantine Church Mosaics in the Middle East, including a large carpet depicting cities on the East and West Banks of The Jordan River, from the Old and New Testaments periods.
Twenty (20) minutes south of Madaba by car, is one of the most awe-inspiring sites in the entire Holy Land, Mechaerus (Modern Mukawir). The Herodian Mountain- Fortress/palace has a panoramic view over much of the Dead Sea and the hills of Palestine. This is where John the Baptist died, after Salome's fateful dance. His burial place is not known.
Nearby is Dhiban, Ancient Bibon, the capital of King Mesha of Moab (Numbers 21:21- 31; Isaiah 15: 1-9). North of it is Mujib, the Arnon Gorge or River of the Bible that was a natural frontier between warring Kingdoms or Tribes (Numbers 21:24; Judges 11:18).
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Moab, Edom, and Median
The Biblical Land of Moab, famed for its rich agricultural lands, generally was in south of Wadi Mujib (Genesis). Kir Mob (Also, Kir-Heres Or Kir-Hereseth), the capital of Moab, was the place of the scene where king Mesha is believed to have sacrificed his son on the city walls in order to stop a siege by hostile forces. Kir Moab today is known as Karak, halfway between Amman and Petra. It is renowned for its massive remnants of Medieval Islamic and Christian Fortresses.
Nearby is the shrine of Prophet Noah.
The King's Highway south of Karak winds through the Zered Valley (Torrent of Zered). Today's Wadi Hassa, where the Israelites concluded their desert wanderings and Camped on their journey north (Deuteronomy).
South of Wadi Hassa is the Biblical sites for the Exodus which is well known for their Pasturelands, mineral-rich mountains, and strategic communication routes.
The 7th Century BC remains found at Buseirah are those of Bozrah, a capital of the Edomite Kingdom (Isaiah).
The Summit of Umm El- Biyara Mountain in central Petra, with its 7th Century BC village, is often identified as Biblical Seal ("A Rock"), where King Amaziah of Judah slew 10,000 Edomites in the valley of Salt and took Sela by storm. Ancient Sela is also identified with the mountain top stronghold. It is near Busier, North of Petra. In the bible, Moses is believed to have detoured around it because the king of Edom refused to let him on the passage. In the bible, Prophet Aaron, the brother of prophet Moses and Miriam, is believed to have died in Jordan and buried at Mount Hor, now known as Jabal Haron (Mount Aaron) in Petra.
In the New Testament, the east Mediterranean commodities emporium of Petra may have been the place from where the three Magi Kings from the east carried gifts of Frankincense, Gold, and Myrrh to honor baby Jesus. King Areas was a Nabatean who ruled from the capital of Petra.
Elate/Elton and Zion-Gerber were two Iron-age port towns located in or possibly near the Jordan Red Sea Port-(Aqaba). They are associated with Solomon and Queen of Sheba, as well as the chronic wars between the In of Judah and Edom (Deuteronomy 2:8, 1 Kings 9: 26, 2 Kings 14:22).
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Moses and the Exodus Route:
Many places in south of central Jordan are associated with Moses' Exodus from Egypt to Mt. Nebo (Numbers 33), though many remain unidentified.
Some like Kadesh- Barren and the wilderness of In were somewhere along South Jordanian frontiers with Israeli borders, Egypt and Saudi Arabia.
Mount Aaron is located on the edge of three lands, in Petra.
Dibon- Gad is another name for the Moabite capital, of today's Dhiban. The Mountains of Arabia are the range in northern Moab and southern Amman. They are north of Heshbon, including Mount Nebo (Numbers 27:12; Deuteronomy 32:49); the Plains of Moab lies in east of Jordan River, opposite Jericho.
Central Jordan and the Valley Sites
The main road through central Jordan Valley probably follows the path of The Bibles Way of the Plain (2 Samuel 18:23). Adjacent to the road at the massive Tell Deir Alla is the ancient Market and Cultic center of Succoth. It was fortified by Jeroboam and visited by Gideon as he chased the Medianites back to the East (1 Kings 12:25; Judges 8:5-16).
In the North Jordan Valley lies a shrine to King David near Mazar El – Shamali.
The Adjacent Tulul Edh-Dhahab El - Sharqi ("The Western Hills of Gold") - named so by Jacob after he wrestled all night with God in the form of a man; as recalled in (Genesis).
Zerathan Town, excavated at the nearby Tell Es- Saidiyyeh, is related to the lives of Solomon, Joshua, and Widen.
At Zaphon, nearby Tell El -Qos, Jephthah the Gileadite defeated the Ephraimites (Judges).
Amman
The area around the capital Amman was known in the Bible as Ammon (Genesis 36:35). Famed for its springs and Citadel, most visitors to Jordan start their tour in Amman. The Citadel where it was the capital of the Ammonite Kingdom, still Stands in its massive fortification, where in bible it is believed that David arranged for the death of Uriah the Hittite in order to marry his beautiful wife, Bathsheba.
Jethro, Moses' father-in-law who took care of Moses' wife and sons during the Exodus, is said to be buried in Wadi Shuaib, near Salt, north-west of Amman (Shuaib Is the Arabic Equivalent of Jethro).
In Islam, Shuaib is a prophet sent to the tribe of Median, 8 traveling days far from Egypt. The tribe disobeyed the commands of God, and persisted in cheating the people so they were severely punished by God.
Also in Salt is the tomb/shrine of Prophet Job, a righteous man who was known for his patience and endurance for all the hardships that befell him.
Gad, The Seventh Son of Jacob, is said to be buried in a tomb at Ian El-Jadur, west of Salt.
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North Jordan
The Fertile Plains of Bashan, in north Jordan, belonged to the Amorite King Og (Numbers 21:33). His kingdom was renowned for its fine cattle.
The dense forests of Gilead were known for being Prophet Elijah's birthplace (Genesis 31:21). Both witnessed episodes in the lives of David, Jacob, Solomon, Elisha, Gideon, and other kings and Prophets.
The southern border of Gilead was the Jabbok River, now known as Wadi Zarqa or Zarqa River (Genesis). Gideon and Jacob traveled along its banks east of Jordan (Judges; Genesis 33:17).
Archaeological remains of biblical towns in the north of Jordan include Rammoth- Gilead (Tellrumeith), Jabesh-Giled in Wadi Yabis (Tell El -Meqberch, Tell Abu Gharaz, or Tell El - Maqlub) (Judges 21:8-15;2 Samuel 2;4-7). In the New Testament period, North Jordan was the region of the Decapolis ("Ten Cities") where Jesus preached and performed miracles (Matthew 4:25; Mark 5:20). The Decapolis cities of Gadara (Modern Umm Qais) overlook the sea of Galilee, and is the site of Jesus' miracle of the Gadarene swine (Matthew 8:28- 34; Luke 8:26-37).
The Jordan River
Five miles north of the Dead Sea is a river area where Islamic and biblically periods witnessed many episodes such as the crossing of the Children of Israel, the crossing of Prophet Elijah and Elisha. It is also the hill where Elijah ascended to heaven and of course, the place where Jesus was baptized by John. Baptization in the river Jordan signified thus, the cleansing from sin.
Bethany
Located around the natural hill at Tell El Kharrar, it is where John the Baptist lived, preached, and baptized. The village of Bethany was explicitly mentioned in the Bible, (John) "Bethany beyond the Jordan where John was baptized".
John 10:40 mentions the incident when Jesus escaped from hostile Pharisees in Jerusalem and, "went away again across the Jordan to the place where John at first was baptizing Bethany beyond the Jordan." (John 1:28).
The Bethany area in Jordan, sometimes referred to in the Bible as Perea, is not to be confused with the village of Bethany near Jerusalem, the hometown of Lazarus.
The Bible recounts that Elijah parted the waters of the Jordan River and walked across it with his successor Prophet Elisha, then ascended to heaven in a whirlwind on a chariot of fire (2 Kings2:5-14). The small hill from which Elijah ascended to heaven has been known for centuries as Elijah's Hill, and forms the core of the settlement at Bethany in Jordan. The ongoing survey excavations at Bethany have uncovered a 1st Century AD settlement with Plastered pools and water systems that were used almost certainly for baptism, and a 5th-6th Century AD late Byzantine settlement with churches, a monastery, and other structures probably catering to religious pilgrims.
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Wadi Kharrar & Elijah
At the beginning of Wadi Kharrar is a hill where Prophet Elijah ascended to heaven. There was a sanctuary there that was visited regularly by pilgrims until the Crusade period, but was later abandoned for security reasons. Wadi Kharrar is also a place where the legend of Saint Mary, the Egyptian, took place.
Epiphany
For Christians, "epiphany" is the manifestation of the divinity of Christ. It is celebrated on January 6th in three stages; the baptism in Jordan River, the coming of the wise men to Bethlehem, and the miracle of Canaan.
Bethabara
Bethabara is a Byzantine monastery with a church built at the time of Emperor Anastasias at the place where Jesus was baptized. In 1995, the site was rediscovered by H.R.H. Prince Ghazi bin Mohammad and the Franciscan Archaeologist of Mt. Nebo. A project for the protection and renovation of this site is being currently envisaged.
John the Baptist (Mukawir)
In Mukawir, there is a palace/fortress where John was held prisoner, by King Herodian, prior to his death. When John told King Herodian that he has sinned by marrying his brother's wife, the king got furious and locked him up in this fortress. The Palace, named Mechaerus in Greek, is known today as Makawir, and is located 66 km south west of Amman. It retains the memories of some very dramatic ancient human and political events, including the beheading of John the Baptist, a Jewish revolt against the Roman rule, and a prolonged Roman siege that lead to the destruction of the rebels. From the summit of Makawir, one could enjoy a splendid view of the Dead Sea, the hills of central Palestine, and the rolling low mountains towards Jerusalem.
Bath of Moses
Ancient pilgrims used to bathe in hot thermal springs, believing that it relieves and cleanses their sins. Visitors today can still experience these same natural healing effects. Hammamat Ma'in is a popular tourist destination where you find a spa and other modern facilities to pamper the tired traveler.
The Memorial of Moses & Mount Nebo
Mount Nebo is located to the top of Phsaga, which is across from Jericho (Deuteronomy).
Also, the memorial of Moses is the site where it is presumed he died and got buried. Also, known as a site where God reaffirmed the covenant of faith, Mount Nebo is one of Jordan's most sacred sites according to the Bible. It is the place where Moses viewed the Promised Land in Canaan. The site consists of a Trefoil church built by early Christians at least as early as 393 AD, and is famous for having been visited by the Pilgrim Ageria. Later on, traditional story says that it was here that the Prophet Jeremiah hid the Ark of the Covenant to save it from the conquest of Jerusalem by King Nebuchadnezzar in 588-87 BC. During the Byzantine era, Mount Nebo summit and Church (Siyagha in Arabic) had different names including Naba, Nebo, and Abarim.
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Madaba
Madaba, known as the fruit juice city, has the most wonderful mosaic map ever discovered in the area which goes back to the 6th century AD.
From Madaba, taking the King's Highway following the footsteps of Moses and the Israelites to Mount Nebo, you can visit Saint George's Greek-Orthodox Cathedral; and the Archaeological Museum of Madaba, where you can see numerous mosaics preserved.
These fantastic mosaics are traced back to the Byzantine era. At St. George's Cathedral, you will see the most famous of all (a clearly labeled mosaic map of Jerusalem and the surrounding areas) dated back to 560 AD, which has helped archaeologists to identify many other important sites in Jordan.
Khirbet El-Mukhaiyat
Two miles southeast of Mt. Nebo is the site of another sixth-century church that has a beautifully preserved mosaic floor. The scenes depicted show the lingering influences of paganism- mythical sea beasts and other animals, dancing figures, and a complicated scene involving bulls, trees, and the altar. Archeologists believe that Mukhaiyat is the site of the ancient town of Nebo mentioned in the Bible.
Prophet Lot in the Dead Sea
The Dead Sea is the lowest spot on earth (400 meters below sea level). Only recently has the monastery and church of Saint Lot was uncovered. It is built close to the venerated "Cave" of Lot, the place where Lot and his daughters lived after escaping the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah. In Islam, Prophet Lot was given commands to leave the to-be cursed city, and his wife was among those to be punished. So when he left with the believers in the morning, they were commanded not to look back, for God has destroyed the city and it is believed that the rocks that fell on the cursed has been inscribed on it their names while his wife has remained as a salt-like statue (fossil) maybe ever since, as a reminder to those who paid no heed to the existence of the Almighty. Viewers can pass through this land that is on a permanent highway.
Amman in the Bible
Amman is the capital of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. Recent excavations reveal that Amman was inhabited during the early Bronze Age. The Bible mentions "Rabbath of Ammon" as the capital of the Ammonites about 1200 B.C.
Two hundred years later, David stormed the town. It was here that he sent Uriah the Hittite to his certain death in order to take Uriash's beautiful wife, Bathseda.
The city gained a reputation for pride, wealth, and wickedness, and the prophets Amos, Jeremiah, and Ezekiel foretold its destruction. After the Babylonian captivity, the Bible speaks no more of Rabbath-Ammon. Until only after General Ptolemy Philadelphus II (285-247 BC) took the town from the Greeks and renamed it for himself. After the Roman conquest of the east, Philadelphia joined the Decapolis and was later captured by Herod the Great. As part of the Roman Province of Arabia, the city was built a la Romana style, and it flourished because of its focal location along the caravan trail. Amman's great Roman Theater, which seats 5,000 people, is still used today.
In the early Byzantine period, the city became the place of stay for the Christian Bishops of Petra and Philadelphia. Then, after a brief period of prominence under the Umayyad during the eighth century, the city sank into obscurity.
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Tell Mar Elias
The twin sites of the Listeb and Tell Mar Elias, north west of Ajlun, have long been identified with Tishbe, which was mentioned in the Bible as the hometown of Prophet Elijah. (Mar Elias means Saint Elias in Arabic). According to the Bible, Prophet Elijah was a Toshbite from the village of Toshibe.
This hill long known as Tell Mar Elias has always been revered as a holy site. Local inhabitants and pilgrims from around the world have regularly visited the site to pray, especially on Elijah's annual commemoration day.
Um Qais & Pella
The other place that is given as a definite location that Christ visited is Gadara.
"Then they sailed to the country of the Gadareans which is opposite of Galilee," (Luke), (John), and (Mathew).
In this place, Christ cast the evil spirits from 2 possessed men into a herd of swine that ran down and drowned in the Sea of Galilee. Gadara is currently known as Um Qais and it is a wonderful site.
Pella is also a site where, "Jacob, his two wives, his two maid servants, and his eleven sons crossed over the ford of Jabbock."
Jerash
Jerash has extensive church complexes decorated with beautiful mosaics.
The two main church complexes at Jerash are the churches of Saints Cosmos, Damian, John and George; the other is the church of Saints Peter and Paul. The church of Cosmos, Damian, John and George are so close together that they share common walls. The Churches no longer have roofs leaving the magnificent Mosaics exposed to the sun. It is easy to see these various mosaics, but pedestrians are forbidden to walk on them.
The church of Saints Paul and Peter has nice mosaic but they aren't as grandiose as the other church complex seen. As one approaches Jerash from the south, one's first sight falls upon the triple-arched gateways built in 129 A.D, which was built to celebrate Emperor Hadrian's visit to the city. Beyond the arch is the ancient Hippodrome.
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Moabite Kingdom (Um El Rasas, Karak)
The Moabite kingdom Debon, reaches Arnon valley (Deuteronomy). "While Israelites dwelt in Heshbon and its villages in Arnon and all the cities along the bank of Arnon," (Judges). Going away from Arnon, you could also visit Castron Maipha, which is one of the eminent Iron Age cities; and Karak (Kir Heres, Kir Moab, or Karho.) Also, there is a Moabite site was built on the top of an ancient ruin might go back to the Iron Age crossing Zered (Deuteronomy), (Isaiah).
Aaron Tomb
The Edomite Kingdom (Genesis) is the site going through the capital of the Edomite going to Petra. It is where Aaron, Moses' brother was buried at (Amos). "Therefore I will wait for Moab I will cry out for all Moab I will mourn for the men of Kir Heres," (Jeremiah). The Bible tells us how he made atonement to the people of Israel in an attempt to stop the plague. When Aaron died, he was buried by Moses, and the people of Israel mourned his death for 30 days.
The Springs of Moses ('Uyun Musa)
At the 6th milestone of Esbus-Livas is the detour that leads to these springs. In Islam, it is believed that the spring of Wadi Mousa (Valley Of Moses), near Petra is where Moses Struck the rock from his Sheppard rod from which gushed forth twelve springs.
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The Dead Sea and Wadi Araba
The Bible refers to the Dead Sea as the sea of Araba, the Salt Sea, and the Eastern Sea (Deuteronomy, Joshua, and Ezekiel). It is easily accessible today by roads from central and south of Jordan to the length of its eastern shores. The Valley of Salt is where it is said in bible that David, "slew 18,000 Edomites, is the broad plain at the south end of the Dead Sea."
Natural salt formations have formed along the waters edge (Samuel).
Arabah Desert or Wilderness of the bible is the semi-arid, steppe region in south Jordan between the Dead Sea and the Gulf of Aqaba, known in Arabic today as Wadi Arabah (Deuteronomy). Sodom, Gomorra, and other cities of the plain are associated with some of the most dramatic Old Testament stories, including Gods destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah for their immorality.
Arriving there from Egypt, Prophet Abraham and Prophet Lot separated their herds and people and went their own ways (Genesis). After the wife of Lot disobeyed God's command by looking backwards at burning Sodom, she got turned into a statue of salt. Lot and his daughters survived and reportedly lived for many years in a nearby cave (Genesis 19). The story of Lot is also mentioned in Holy Qur'an. In the 7th Century AD, a Byzantine church and monastery were erected over a cave there and dedicated to prophet.
The site has been excavated and can be visited. The other Cities of the plain, such as Adamah, Zeboiim, and Bela (known also as Zoar) may still be buried amidst the archaeological remains of early Bronze Age cities. These cities are at Feifa, Safi, Khneizirah, and other sites in this wide, silent and still haunting valley plain.
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Activities
Auto Sports
Jordan Auto TrackActivities: Carting, Cross Rally, Mode challenge & Speed tests. Place: Helalia, 4km from Madaba
Tel: + 962 79 565605 / + 962 79 639127
Terms and conditions: Participants are required to bring their racing driving license (you can get one when you reach there). Family Days: Saturdays & Sundays.
Aero Sports
The Aero Sports Club of JordanActivities: Skydiving, Micro light & Paragliding Place: Amman-Marka Airport
Telefax: ++ 962 6 487 3261
Email: rparaclb@go.com.jo
Website: http://members.xoom.com/rpacj
Terms and Conditions: Participants should get a medical certificate and should be above 16 years old.
The Royal Jordanian Gliding Club
Activities: Air Sports, Gliding
Place: Amman -Marka Airport
Tel: ++ 962 6 4891401 ext. 3253
Fax: ++ 962 6 4874587
Working Hours: Monday -Thursday 2:00pm till sunset, Fridays & Holidays 10:00 am till sunset.
Golfing
Bisharat Golf Club
Activities: Golf
Place: Airport road behind the National Park.
Tel: ++ 962 79 520334
Fax: ++ 962 6 4624660 Best
Time: May till November. Working Hours: 7 days a week starting 6:00am.
Camping
Place: Wadi Rum - Rest House
Extra Information: The Rest House provides tents, showers, toilets, and a restaurant. But if you want to camp outside the rest house, bring your own camping gear and tent. The staff at the rest house will direct you to campsite locations. Tour operators can help in arranging excellent camping trips as well.
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Place: Aqaba - South Coast
Terms and conditions: Bring your own tent and camping gear.
Place: Dana Nature Reserve
Extra Information: Two camp sites both provide tents, showers, toilets and grills. Guides are also available. (Rummana camp open from March 1st to October 31st; Fienan camp open all the year round)
Climbing & Hiking
Place: Wadi Rum
a) Wadi Rum Cooperative Society
b) Wadi Rum Rest House
Wadi Rum offers many excellent climbs ranging between grade 3 and grade 6. Ask a guide at the Wadi Rum Cooperative Society to show you the climbing sites.
Enjoy climbs of up to 1750m high in Wadi Rum or easy courses through the colorful hills and canyons of Wadi Rum and Dana.
In Dana, hiking trails are open and field guides will lead tours in the early morning and in the evening.
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Horseback Riding
The Jordan Turf Club
Place: Airport Highway, near the Madaba exit
Tel: ++ 962 6 591348
Fax: ++ 962 6 591657
Working Hours: 7:00 am - noon, 2:00pm-8: pm, Monday off.
Arabian Horse Club
Place: Airport Highway / Al-Yadoudeh
Tel: ++ 962 6 4291386
Fax: ++ 962 6 4291378
Working Hours: 8:30am-8:30 pm, Monday off.
Mushatta Equestrian Center
Place: Qastal - Queen Alia International Airport
Tel: 079 534990 - 079 613231
Email: aragheb@rja.com.jo
Place: Dead Sea Ultra Marathon
Date: Annual event usually in April.
Telefax: 962 6 5930435
Website: www.deadseamarathon.com
Special Interest Tours
Beyond the Evidence
Zaatarah & Co. Tourist and Travel Agency can arrange a la carte programs with special focus including botany, anthropology, folklore and Oriental music, museums, Mosques and churches. No matter what your special interest, we can tailor any program to your needs. Here are some suggestions:
Bask in the sun; it is time to have fun so… GET INTO ACTION!
Wadi Rum Safari
The vast beauty of Wadi Rum can be further explored on 4x4 vehicle tours that take you deep into the heart of the desert. Camping, hiking, and camel riding are only a few of the activities that can be organized through your travel agent.
Among its natural wonders are five wildlife reserves such as the magnificent Wadi Rum, the Dead Sea, and the underwater world of the Gulf of Aqaba.
Run to the Lowest Point on Earth
The Dead Sea Ultra Marathon is a very unique experience that should not be missed. It is held annually during the month of April.
It is a 50km run to the Dead Sea (440m below sea level) from Amman, the capital of Jordan (900m above the sea level).
The runs are set as Ultra (50km), Marathon (42.19 km), and Semi (21.1 km) for individual runners, Relay (50km).
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Weaving
Contemporary Jordanian weavers are heirs to a rich textile repertoire that goes back thousands of years. Zaatarah Travel can arrange weaving workshops, lectures by weavers, and textile experts and visits to Jordan's leading collections of ancient textiles. We can also organize excursions to some of Jordan's most famed weaving centers like Bani Hamida and the Jordan River Foundation.
Archaeology
The Jordanian Culture created some of the most stunning artworks and monuments. Zaatarah Travel can tailor an itinerary to meet your interest in Jordanian archaeology.
Ecotourism
Jordan, a privileged country that has stunning beauty, has (facts and figures). It offers also some of the best ecotourism destinations in over five wildlife reserves.
Botany
Jordan's flora is rich and diverse. 2,500 species of vascular plants have been recorded within 152 families representing about 1% of the total world flora. An estimated 100 species are endemic, approximately 2.5% of the total, which is relatively high by world standards. Many species are known to be rare or endangered including several orchid species and medicinal plants, but the status of many species remains unknown. About 20 species are thought to have become extinct over the last 90 years.
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